1	SACS Europe Seminar Dr Parvinder Jhita Dr Jerry Greenough Engineering Dynamics Inc.
2	Overview
3	Overview
4	Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures Engineering Dynamics Inc.
5	Eurocode 3 Wide Flange (WF) Structural Tee (TEE) Plate Girder (PLG) Channel (CHL) Box (BOX) Prismatic (PRI) Double Web Plate Girder (PGD) Angle (ANG) Rectangular Hollow Section (RTB)
6	Eurocode 3 σ_vm < F_y / γ_m0
7	Eurocode 3 OPTIONS - ‘EC’ code check option (25:26) SPAN - new line CODE - new line GRUP - modification Annex F, end rotation factors: C1, C2 and C3 C1-3 used in the elastic critical buckling moment Use column 47 (‘1’, ‘2’, ’3’)
8	Eurocode 3
9	Eurocode 3
10	Eurocode 3 Partial safety factors, γ_m0 γ_m1 Shear area calculation method ‘ST’ Standard Static ‘E3’ Section 5.4.6 Eurocode 3
11	Eurocode 3
12	SACS Pile / Soil Interaction Engineering Dynamics Inc.
13	SACS Pile / Soil Interaction PSI Features Soil Modeling PSI Solution Process Convergence Criteria Stiffness tables / TABR lines Mudslide Modeling Troubleshooting Pile 3D Features
14	SACS Pile / Soil Functionality PSI Linear Elastic Structure and Piles Non-linear Soil Behavior Pile / Pile 3D Small deflection finite difference approach or … co-rotational FE Approach Collapse Non-linear elasto-plastic Structure and Piles
15	PSI Features
16	PSI Text Output Axial capacities for each soil/pile group comb. Soil table confirmation Pile-head force reports (structural, pile) Deflection reports (structural, pile) Unity Check and Pile Group summaries Pile results vs. penetration depth Force comparisons (jacket / pile equilibrium) Convergence report Stiffness table listing
17	PSI Graphical Output Soil Resistance Curves (collated or separate) Soil Reactions (axial, lateral) Lateral Deflections (y, z, resultant) Shear Load, Bending Moment (y, z, resultant) Axial internal load, axial deflection UC Ratios … vs. pile penetration Plotted for each load condition Envelope plots for each pile group
18	Pile Model Pile is divided into increments (100)* Soil resistance is assessed at each increment and represented as a non-linear spring + external force. Soil resistance calculated from a soil model (soil table). Specify XZ soil table. Optionally specify an XY soil table.
19	Soil Models Axial T-Z / Q-Z Load-deflection curves Adhesion data (skin friction only) Linear spring Torsion Adhesion Data Linear spring Lateral P-Y (P-Z) Load deflection curves
20	Soil Models (References) PSI Manual, Commentary Sec. 6.4 API RP2A-WSD /21 6.4.2 Shaft/EB Limiting Friction 6.7.2 T-Z curves 6.7.3 Q-Z curves 6.8 P-Y curves
21	Soil Tables Axial SOIL AXIAL HEAD SOIL TZAXIAL HEAD End Bearing SOIL BEARING HEAD Torsion SOIL TORSION HEAD Lateral SOIL LATERAL HEAD
22	Soil Modeling
23	PSI Analysis
24	PSI Analysis Method
25	Solution Process for a Pile
26	Stiffness Table Approximation Approximate model of the pile head behavior Pile head forces are sampled for a range of points Linear interpolation between the points Reduction of computation time Improved chance of solution for highly non-linear problems Automatically generated (internal) … OR … User-specified with the TABR line
27	Solution Objectives
28	Solution Objectives (lateral)
29	PSI Convergence Tolerances
30	Convergence Report ITERATION DATA FOR LOAD CASE XXXX ITERATION RMS DEFLECTION RMS ROTATION 1 0.039673 0.000027 2 0.001083 0.000003 3 0.000070 0.000000 MAXIMUM PILEHEAD FORCE DIFFERENCE= 7.53085 % 4 0.022679 0.000026 MAXIMUM PILEHEAD FORCE DIFFERENCE= 7.67680 % 5 0.000626 0.000001 MAXIMUM PILEHEAD FORCE DIFFERENCE= 0.35047 %
31	TABR Lines User-defined stiffness table Purpose: Guide PSI in cases of extreme non-linearity
32	TABR lines
33	User-specified TABR lines PSI Listing File Cut and paste into PSI Input File Manually refine using Datagen Single Pile Analyses (Pile, Pile3D) Generate SPA Data Additional refinement as needed
34	Mudslide Conditions
35	Modeling Mudslides Orient y- or z- direction to correspond to the mudslide direction. Separate soil tables are defined for the pile XZ and XY planes.
36	Pile co-ordinate system
37	Pile co-ordinate system
38	Trouble Shooting Review convergence report If necessary, use TABR lines Check tolerances and controls Review soil data (separate plots) Review pile co-ordinate system (mudslides) Investigate each pile using Single Pile Analysis Fully constrain the pile heads – linear analysis Lengthen or Elevate wishbones (Collapse)
39	Pile / Pile3D Capabilities The Pile and Pile3D programs, may be executed alone to calculate the behavior of a single pile. In addition … Determine an equivalent pile stub that yields the same deflections and rotations as the soil/pile system. Engine for numerous plotting capabilities.
40	Pile3D Plotting Utilities
41	Single Pile Analysis – Pile3D PLLOAD Application of pile-head forces AXLOAD Application of axial loads DEPLOD Application of forces below the pile-head PLOD3D Advanced pile-head loading
42	Single Pile Analysis – Pile3D
43	Future Developments Shallow Foundations Jack-up Platforms Spud-can Foundations Multi-event Formulation (Pre-load, unload, op^l.) Soil Plasticity Models (Collapse only) API RP 2A-WSD /21 Supplement 3 CPT Methods (loose soils, dense silt) Scour Depth Guidelines
44	Contact Information